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PRIMARY LYMPHEDEMA OF THE LEG
Milroy’s disease:
Congenital; at birth
Lymphedema praecox:
Symptoms manifest before the age of 35.
Lymphedema tarda:
Symptoms manifest after the age of 35.
Cushion-like swellings on the dorsum of the foot, the toes are square. Deep skin folds have developed at the metatarsophalangeal joints.
SECONDARY LYMPHEDEMA OF THE ARM FOLLOWING BREAST CANCER: MASTECTOMY/LUMPECTOMY (AXILLARY LYMPH NODE DISSECTION) AND/OR THERAPY.
Slightly pitting edema of the arm with deepening of skin folds and cushion-like swellings on the back of the hand. Keratosis and angiomas are often seen as complications.
SECONDARY LYMPHEDEMA OF THE LEG FOLLOWING CERVICAL CANCER: GROIN/INGUINAL NODE DISSECTION.
(also seen after surgery from Melanoma Cancer, Vulvar Cancer, Uterine Cancer and occasionally Prostate Cancer)
CHRONIC VENUS INSUFFICIENCY OF THE LEG VEINS
Generally results from a post-thrombotic syndrome or marked varicosis with impaired venous return and lack of pressure reduction, with restricted transport of blood on exercise (venous hypertension).
CHRONIC VENUS LYMPHATIC INSUFFICIENCY
Due to close interaction between the venous and lymphatic circulation, dilation of the peripheral veins in chronic insufficiency, associated with increased volumes of water and protein, normally returned in the lymphatics, overloads the lymphatics. This gives rise to Lymphedema and chronic venous-lymphatic insufficiency.
 DEEP VEIN THOMBROSIS
Based on endothelial damage, pathological flow and clotting disorders. Risk factors: family history, obesity, surgery (pelvis, abdomen, hips), pregnancy, oral contraception, prolonged standing and sitting, tumors.
 LIPEDEMA
Mainly affects lower extremities, due to a pathological proliferation of fatty tissue deposited symmetrically on the upper thigh and sometimes reaching the ankles.
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